Broadway is a major east-west thoroughfare in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In Vancouver’s numbered avenue grid system, it runs in place of a 9th Avenue, between 8th and 10th. The street has six lanes for most of its course. Portions of the street carry the British Columbia Highway 7 designation.

The route begins as “West Broadway” at the intersection of Wallace Crescent and 8th Avenue, in the affluent residential neighbourhood of West Point Grey, a few kilometres east of the University of British Columbia (UBC). Past Alma Street, Broadway takes over from 10th Avenue as one of Vancouver’s major thoroughfares, as it enters Greek West Broadway (or Greektown) section of Vancouver’s Kitsilano district. East of here are several blocks of generally trendy, upscale shops interspersed with low-rise apartment blocks and small supermarkets. The surrounding neighbourhoods generally consist of large, older homes dating from the early twentieth century, many of which have been subdivided into rental suites.

As Broadway approaches Arbutus Street, the commercial establishments become larger before transitioning into a mix of small to mid-size apartment blocks. East of Burrard Street, the apartment blocks get progressively taller, and commercial establishments larger and busier. Between Burrard and Main Street, Broadway can be considerably congested by vehicular traffic. Past Granville Street, Broadway yields completely to medium-to-large commercial structures and high-rise apartments and condominiums. Between Cambie and Main, the commercial establishments become smaller and somewhat more downscale.

At Ontario Street, two blocks west of Main, the route becomes “East Broadway.” After bisecting Main and Kingsway, traffic on Broadway eases somewhat, and the character returns to a mix of small-to-medium apartment buildings and commercial establishments, interspersed with older homes – all considerably less affluent than those to the west. At Commercial Drive, Broadway passes by the Commercial–Broadway SkyTrain Station. Past here for several blocks, the neighbourhood consists predominantly of older residential homes.

As Broadway travels east of Renfrew Street, the neighbourhood once again becomes mixed, with older homes to the north and larger industrial, commercial, and warehouse establishments to the south. Broadway finally ends at Cassiar Street, just short of the Vancouver-Burnaby boundary, where it becomes the Lougheed Highway.

Broadway was created at the turn of the 20th century, along with other gridded roads south of False Creek, to meet the needs of an expanding population in Vancouver. The name of the route was changed from 9th Avenue to Broadway in 1909, at the behest of merchants around Main Street (at that time the hub of Vancouver commerce), who felt that it bestowed a more cosmopolitan air. Commercial establishments originally spread out around the intersections of Cambie and Main Streets, while the character of the rest of the route remained predominantly single-family dwellings.

By the 1970s, the length of Broadway had become a major arterial route in Vancouver, conveying commuters from downtown to the neighbourhoods of the west and east sides. With the growth of UBC and the expansion of the Vancouver General Hospital (one block south of Broadway between approximately Oak and Cambie), traffic demands accelerated. In the 1990s, the agency then responsible for public transit in Greater Vancouver — BC Transit — introduced an express bus route, the 99 B-Line, to help reduce congestion. The Vancouver transportation plan for Broadway notes that congestion is such that the bus service is at capacity, and will not be eased until a new rapid transit line is built paralleling the street. It is anticipated that the SkyTrain’s Millennium Line will be extended to Central Broadway by 2021; the extension is expected to connect with Canada Line at Broadway-City Hall Station, at the intersection of Broadway and Cambie Street.

Released in 1995 for the original PlayStation, Arc the Lad is a tactical role-playing game (RPG) that has captured the hearts of gamers for decades. Developed by G-Craft and published by SCEI in Japan and Working Designs in North America, Arc the Lad was a critical and commercial success, selling over a million copies in Japan alone. It spawned two direct sequels and numerous spin-offs, solidifying its place as a beloved franchise in the gaming world.

Arc the Lad’s story unfolds in a vibrant fantasy world filled with diverse characters, intricate lore, and epic battles. The narrative follows the journey of Arc, a young boy who sets out to find his estranged father, who left him and his mother ten years ago. Along the way, he encounters a colorful cast of companions, including Kukuru, a priestess with a mysterious past; Poco, a skilled thief with a penchant for trouble; and Gogen, a wise old martial artist.

Together, they embark on a perilous quest that takes them across a vast and treacherous world. They must battle hordes of monsters, solve challenging puzzles, and unravel the secrets of an ancient prophecy that threatens to plunge the world into darkness.

Arc the Lad’s gameplay is a blend of traditional turn-based strategy and innovative new mechanics. Players control a party of up to three characters on a grid-based map, and must carefully position and maneuver them to maximize their attacks and abilities.

One of the game’s unique features is the “Union” system, which allows characters to combine their attacks for devastating effect. By positioning characters adjacent to each other, players can unleash powerful combo attacks that can turn the tide of battle.

The game also features a deep and rewarding character development system. Each character has their own unique strengths and weaknesses, and can be customized with a variety of weapons, armor, and abilities. As characters gain experience, they level up and learn new skills, allowing players to tailor their party to their own playstyles.

Arc the Lad is known for its cast of memorable and endearing characters. Each companion brings their own unique personality, motivations, and backstory to the adventure, creating a rich and engaging narrative experience.

Arc, the game’s protagonist, is a brave and determined young man who is fiercely loyal to his friends. Kukuru, the priestess, possesses a mysterious past and a gentle spirit. Poco, the thief, is a charming rogue with a mischievous streak. And Gogen, the martial artist, is a wise and experienced mentor who guides the group with his wisdom and strength.

Arc the Lad’s visuals are a testament to the artistry of the PlayStation era. The game’s pixel art is vibrant and detailed, bringing the fantasy world to life with lush forests, towering mountains, and bustling towns. The character designs are expressive and charming, and the animations are fluid and lifelike.

The game’s soundtrack is equally impressive, featuring a sweeping orchestral score that perfectly captures the epic scope of the adventure. The music is both beautiful and memorable, and it helps to create a truly immersive gaming experience.

Over two decades after its initial release, Arc the Lad remains a beloved classic among fans of tactical RPGs. Its charming story, innovative gameplay, memorable characters, and beautiful visuals have stood the test of time, and it continues to be enjoyed by gamers of all ages.

Whether you’re a longtime fan or a newcomer to the series, Arc the Lad is a game that is sure to captivate and entertain. Its timeless appeal and enduring legacy make it a must-play for any fan of the genre.

8.5/10

The billionaire is currently lashing out against the Democrats, but one of them helped him in 2010.

Since publicly showing his closeness to Donald Trump, Elon Musk has not hidden his contempt for the Democrats, which raises questions about whether he has forgotten when one of the leaders of this party, Barack Obama, loaned him $465 million to develop his electric cars.

In 2010, the Obama administration in the United States, through its Secretary of Energy, Steven Chu, announced a federal loan of $465 million to Tesla Motors to build its electric sedan and the batteries necessary for its development, as reported by Wired.

Musk paid off the debt in 2013, nine years earlier than agreed. That same year, Obama not only loaned to Tesla, but also to Ford ($5.9 billion) and Nissan ($1.6 billion) as part of an Advanced Technology Vehicle Manufacturing Program to help car manufacturers.

“We have a historic opportunity to help ensure that the next generation of fuel-efficient cars and trucks are manufactured in the United States…. These loans – and the additional support we will provide through the Section 136 programs – will create good jobs and help the automotive industry meet and even exceed the tough fuel economy standards we have set while helping to maintain our competitive edge in the global market,” said President Obama at the time through a statement.

Elon Musk expressed gratitude by saying: “We are honored to receive one of the first loan awards in this program… I am confident that we will put the money to very productive use. We hope to produce the Model S.”

Since the 2024 presidential campaign, Elon Musk has completely changed, shifting from gratitude to attacking Democrats, showing strong support for Trump. In July of that year, he wrote on X: “They will soon take Biden fishing,” accompanied by a photo of a fisherman at sea, followed by a picture from ‘The Godfather’ movie with the phrase: “Do you know what’s the worst thing about betrayal?… It never comes from your enemy.”

Recently, the magnate blamed Democratic donors for the increasing protests and attacks against Tesla. “The big donors of the Democratic Party are funding these protests. It’s no coincidence that Tesla is the target right now,” he stated.

And it’s not just about the protests. According to Bloomberg, Elon Musk’s fortune has decreased by more than $120 billion in recent months, and it is believed that this is partly due to the loss of confidence from investors, coupled with market volatility.

In an article titled ‘How Elon Musk went from being a progressive and supporting Obama to being a fervent defender of Donald Trump’, La Tercera commented on his biography, stating that “it is clear that all his relationships are difficult and that no one escapes his dramas.” It highlights that he doesn’t mind offending or intimidating in order to achieve his goals.

Bernard Law Montgomery (1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein) was a prominent British military leader in World War II and its aftermath. He became famous for his successful campaigns against the Axis forces in Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia and was later deputy commander of NATO. He wrote several books, including his Memoirs (1958) and The Path to Leadership (1961).

In this chapter, the evidence that Field Marshal Montgomery had Asperger Syndrome or Asperger’s disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is examined.

Life History

Bernard Montgomery was born on November 17, 1887, the fourth child and third son in the family. His great-uncle, Samuel Montgomery (known as Uncle Montgomery), was obsessed with religion and frittered away the family legacy. He was eccentric, lived with his two unmarried sisters, and was ignorant of the ways of the world. Samuel had a diminutive carriage built so that he would not have to give a lift to the local poor. He suffered from depression and was shy.

Robert Montgomery (Bernard’s paternal grandfather), a brave soldier and a brother of Samuel Montgomery, never received due recognition for what he did, because he was not a man to push his own claims, according to Hamilton (1981). He disarmed the Sepoy Regiment when the Indian mutiny broke out and was clearly a brilliant decision maker under stress.

Montgomery’s maternal grandfather, the clergyman and theological writer Frederic Farrar, was reserved and shy. He was ill at ease in company, could not make small talk, and appeared unapproachable. He tended to write for most of the day and also to spend much of the night writing or correcting proofs.

Bernard Montgomery’s mother had an indomitable will and a passion for order, method, and routine (Hamilton, 1981). Very critical of her son, she was basically affectionless toward Bernard. His father, Henry, was a bishop and was completely dominated by the mother. Montgomery tended to idealize his father.

Bernard Montgomery was a wayward and immature child. He was regarded as the black sheep of the family — a troublemaker and sometimes a renegade. He was also described as charmless, mischievous, and individualist (Moorehead, 1946). The rigidity of his personality was shown when he decided to join the army: He had a tremendous argument with his mother but achieved his aim.

In school he often dreamed his way through the day. He considered work a nuisance, and his conduct in class was abysmal or sometimes strange. He had no notion of style in writing essays and was regarded as backward in mathematics, while in Latin, French, science and art he was marked no higher than “fair.” He was regarded as being slow to grasp principles, self-sufficient, intolerant of authority, and steeled to take punishment, but industrious in things that interested him (Hamilton, 1981). Control was extraordinarily important to him, and on the playing fields in school he could plan his own battles. His behavior on the rugby pitch was downright violent.

In personality he was described as extremely egocentric and eccentric (Montgomery, 1987). He had an awkward, single-minded, and prickly character (Horne, 1994), and was described as a tragedy of personality and failed communications (Taylor, 1965). In the army, he was neither willing nor able to cooperate with his fellow chiefs of staff.

Social Behavior

As Horne (1994) pointed out, Montgomery always had problems in peer relations — in fact, he was unable to deal with his peers. He had a lifelong inability to open up to contemporaries and isolated himself from other senior officers. His lack of empathy was seen when he said that very few of his contemporaries at Staff College were any good. Horne pointed to his self-contained, solitary, awkward, unclubbable, and intractable disposition vis-a-vis his colleagues and his susceptibility to abrasive arrogance and intolerance. He was so isolated in his headquarters (he did not read papers sent to him) that he could not understand the criticism and jealousy that his behavior was causing among the British and U.S. Army chiefs. He described U.S. errors in the Ardennes battle with a ruthless clarity that was grossly insensitive and totally counterproductive. In addition, he was supercilious in his treatment of the U.S. military (Horne, 1994).

Generally, he was extremely poor at communicating with his superiors, such as General Eisenhower, whom he would lecture as if he were patronizing a student at Staff College (Horne, 1994). Indeed, he tended not to communicate with Eisenhower, and this caused major problems because the Americans could not understand why he was not advancing in the war more quickly, particularly at Caen — they could not understand because he did not explain it to them. He was regarded as scandalously peremptory and contemptuous and was christened Chief Big Wind by the U.S. military establishment in Europe; indeed, Field Marshal Brooke described his relations with U.S. soldiers as a disaster (Horne, 1994).

According to Winston Churchill, Montgomery made it a rule not to accept hospitality from any of his subordinate commanders. His essential lack of sensitivity was felt not only by men but also by women, and he was described as a misogynist. He claimed that one could not marry and be an efficient officer. Kay Summersby, Eisenhower’s driver, described him as a supercilious, woman-hating little martinet (Horne, 1994).

Narrow Interests/Obsessiveness

Soldiering was Montgomery’s only interest. In comparison to another senior officer in the British Army, Alan Brooke, he was less practical and much narrower in his skills and interests (Brett-James, 1984).

He wanted to master his profession, and was full of energy. Accordin to Hamilton (1981), it was Montgomery’s keenness that stood out most. He had an enormous capacity for work and an imperturbable efficiency; he threw himself into his soldiering with a dedication that seemed to border on madness. Not surprisingly, he suggested a narrow strategy for ending World War II rather than a broad strategy (i.e., attacking over a broad front, which Eisenhower put forward and carried through successfully). Controversy remains as to how successful his narrow-front strategy would have been.

Routines/Control

Montgomery exerted control over both himself and others. What people especially noticed about him was his self-will: His iron determination singled him out from seemingly more talented, more educated and more appropriate leaders, according to Horne (1994). He went to bed rigidly at 9:30 p.m. and was extremely routinebound. He was described as a man of completely regular habits and could be obstinate to the point of bigotry — he would never admit that he had altered a battle plan (Brett-James, 1984). As a result of his inflexible personality, he was not good at seizing opportunities (Horne, 1994).

Montgomery imposed tyrannical discipline on others. He was only interested in his soldiers as efficient fighting machines and looked after their health and morale for this reason only. He totally controlled the younger officers: They did not argue with him, and they were totally obedient, like all his staff had to be (Hamilton, 1981). Any sensitivity shown to junior officers was solely on the basis of his total control and their obedience (Horne, 1994).

Montgomery could be vindictive and cruel. As he grew up, he bullied other children and was beaten himself. Even during World War I, his mother appears to have regarded him as an all-too-bossy child. In midlife he had a brief marriage to a 17-year-old named Betty Anderson; once again, he controlled everything and took over her life (Horne, 1994).

Despite his egocentricity, soldiers liked to have somebody who knew what he was doing (i.e., to have a leader in full charge; Horne, 1994). Mostly, Montgomery was an obsessively cautious commander, but on rare occasions he was capable of extreme recklessness in actions and relationships (e.g., at Arnhem and in his relationship with Eisenhower).

Language/Humor

We have no information on speech and language problems.

Lack of Empathy

Throughout his life Montgomery showed a gross lack of a capacity to empathize or understand what others might be feeling. Indeed, on one occasion he was reduced in military rank because he set fire to another cadet in military college. He had no political sense, and could not see the implications of what he was doing and how others might view his actions.

Although essentially a shy man, Montgomery showed his lack of empathy through boastfulness, vanity, and cutting out his family. He lorded it over his friends and finally became a despot (Hamilton, 1981). It appears that de Guingand, his chief of staff, was essentially a loyal subordinate but had a much wider range of human qualities than Montgomery and much greater capacity for empathy, as well as an instinctive gift for friendship and good humor that Montgomery did not have.

Montgomery’s lack of sensitivity and empathy was also seen in his treatment of his son David, whom he would not allow to visit his grandmother or any other members of the family during the war. Indeed, David saw very little of his father for a period of 10 years (Horne, 1994).

Naivety/Childishness

In frontline warfare, Montgomery could concentrate on immediate tasks without worrying over other things, and was able to see things with the simple clarity of a child. This was advantageous in the fog of war (Hamilton, 1994).

Nonverbal Communication

His brother Brian Montgomery (1987) stated that a girl who was dancing with him found him stiff and unamusing. Horne (1994) noted that the atmosphere around him was one of extraordinary quietness and calm.

He showed a lack of fear during battle that can only be described as abnormal, with no trace of apprehension for his future safety. He was decorated for bravery.

Motor Clumsiness

We have no information on motor clumsiness.

Conclusion

Montgomery demonstrates a qualitative impairment in social interaction and restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities. He meets the criteria for Asperger’s disorder according to the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and meets the criteria for Asperger Syndrome (Gillberg, 1996) with the exception of motor clumsiness and speech and language problems.

The issue of high-functioning autism (or autistic disorder as classified in DSM-IV) also has to be considered. He meets the criteria for qualitative impairment in social interaction, as just noted. For the second criterion — qualitative impairments in communication — it is more difficult to draw a final conclusion. One can say that there is no evidence of a capacity for symbolic play in childhood, and, indeed, he was very poor at writing essays in school. He certainly had an impairment in the ability to sustain communication; as Horne (1994) pointed out, Montgomery was a lonely man. He did meet the third criterion of restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Nevertheless, Asperger Syndrome is the most likely diagnosis.

Although he had serious impairment in the capacity for empathy, it is also possible that he had problems with central coherence (Frith, 1989); that is, he was always good at taking into account his immediate battlefield in both wars, but was poor at understanding the bigger picture. The serious mistakes that he made as a result prolonged World War II (e.g., not capturing the port of Antwerp and not pursuing Rommel after the battle of Alamein). His inability to communicate with his superiors, and with Eisenhower, in particular, made him extremely unpopular in the United States and almost led to him being fired from his job.

It is difficult to know whether there was a family history of Asperger Syndrome, but there was evidence of relevant traits on both the maternal and the paternal side.

• Michael Fitzgerald, Former Professor of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant known for its potential to support weight loss and lower blood sugar levels, particularly in people with diabetes. Research is ongoing, and the benefits and side effects are important to understand.

Health Conditions

Many integrative medicine providers believe ALA may help prevent or manage health conditions like high blood pressure. Research primarily focuses on its role in managing diabetes and aiding weight loss.

However, alpha-lipoic acid has been studied for benefits with health conditions such as:

• Liver disease
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)/polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) and infertility problems
• Cancers, including breast and colon cancers
• Brain injury due to stroke
• Neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease
• Chronic kidney disease
• Infections, including yeast infections, COVID-19, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Anti-aging and inflammation effects
• Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other autoimmune diseases
• Erectile dysfunction
• Nerve function

To date, there is little evidence to support any of these claims for ALA use. Keep in mind that no supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.

May Help With Weight Loss

Research on ALA for weight loss is still preliminary and lacks firm conclusions. Studies have shown:

• A 2017 review of studies found that ALA supplements, ranging in doses from 300 milligrams to 1,800 milligrams daily, helped prompt an average weight loss of 2.8 pounds compared to a placebo.
• A 2018 review similarly found that ALA resulted in more weight loss compared to placebo. However, the average weight loss was only 1.5 pounds.
• In 2020, a meta-analysis found that treatment with ALA significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) and reduced weight by about 5 pounds as compared to a placebo. BMI is an estimate of body fat based on height and weight.

While these three systematic reviews offer some promising evidence, the study methods varied greatly among the individual studies, and the amount of weight loss was small. As a result, it’s difficult to draw firm conclusions from them.

May Help Control Blood Sugar

ALA might help control glucose by enhancing blood sugar metabolism, potentially aiding diabetes management. The research results, however, are mixed and include:

• A 2018 review of 20 randomized controlled trials looked at ALA use in people with metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes. Results showed ALA supplements lowered fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, insulin resistance, and hemoglobin A1C levels. Your hemoglobin A1C level shows your average blood sugar over the past three months.
• A 2019 review suggested that ALA reduced fasting blood glucose and A1C levels.
• A 2021 review found that ALA supplementation reduced insulin and insulin resistance but did not reduce A1C levels.

If you have diabetes and are considering ALA supplementation, ask a healthcare provider if it would be appropriate for your needs.

May Help With Neuropathy

ALA is an antioxidant that acts to limit cell damage from harmful compounds called free radicals. The antioxidant properties may help with neuropathy, which causes symptoms like nerve pain, numbness, and tingling.

An analysis of five studies found ALA helped improve function and reduce pain after surgery for people with carpal tunnel syndrome—a condition in which compression of a nerve in the wrist produces tingling, numbness, weakness, and pain in the hand and fingers.

Neuropathic pain is the medical term used to describe the pain, numbness, and abnormal sensations caused by nerve damage. The damage is often caused by oxidative stress placed on the nerves by a chronic disease, such as:

• Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy is a common complication)
• HIV
• Kidney failure
• Lyme disease
• Shingles
• Thyroid disease

A 2021 study found that people with pain from unknown causes reported less severe pain scores when they took between 400 milligrams and 800 milligrams of an oral ALA supplement compared to those who took a placebo.

A review of studies concluded that the antioxidant properties of alpha lipoic acid could help manage neuropathic pain, though it also noted that clinical studies have been inconsistent with dosing and treatment protocols. And because ALA is often combined with other compounds, it’s not yet known how much benefit is due to ALA.

May Reduce Heart Disease Risk Factors

A 2018 study suggested ALA may improve lipids, including “bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, but found no improvement in “good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

However, results are mixed, with a 2019 study showing no improvements in blood lipid levels with ALA.

There is some evidence that ALA can reduce markers of inflammation, such as:

• C-reactive protein
• Interleukin-6
• Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which promotes insulin resistance and is associated with type 2 diabetes

High levels of C-reactive protein are considered a risk factor for heart disease.

A 2019 review found a significant reduction in all three markers with supplementation of ALA.

Another study published in 2020 found that 600 milligrams of ALA given orally for four months significantly reduced these same inflammatory markers.

May Support Skin Health

ALA is an ingredient in many skin care products. In several small studies, ALA has been shown to reduce water loss from the skin and improve skin hydration, skin scaling, and roughness.

As an antioxidant, ALA may help protect against skin damage by protecting against the sun’s harmful UV radiation and reducing fine lines, wrinkles, and age spots.

However, some of these studies are older, and larger studies are needed to confirm whether ALA has these skin benefits.

Primary Mitochondrial Disorders

ALA supplementation has been recommended in people with primary mitochondrial disorders, or PMDs. PMDs are rare genetic disorders that occur due to errors in the function of the mitochondria, limiting the body’s ability to make energy within cells and leading to seizures and other symptoms.

Most of the evidence for ALA use is based on case reports, though, simply because the disorders are so rare. Research data are lacking, and people with PMDs should be monitored by a team of specialists who focus on these complex metabolic disorders.

Are There Side Effects Associated With ALA?

ALA is generally considered safe when taken as an oral supplement or used as a topical (cream) ointment. It also can be used intravenously. There do not appear to be significant adverse effects with ALA.

However, some people may experience side effects that include:

• Low blood sugar
• Nausea
• Rash (when using an ALA cream or ointment)
• Vomiting
• Headache
• Heartburn

Since ALA is an acid, it may contribute to reflux. Eating a small snack (like graham or saltine crackers) when taking a supplement can help ease heartburn or reflux.

Precautions

ALA is possibly safe in children aged 10-17 years when taken by mouth in doses up to 600 mg daily for 3 months. However, when taken in larger amounts, seizures, vomiting, and unconsciousness have been reported.

Like many other supplements, ALA is not recommended for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Not enough research has been done to understand ALA’s effects in these groups, although some studies suggest there may be benefits for people with complicated pregnancies.

Drug Interactions

ALA supplements may interact with:

• Thyroid medication
• Statin cholesterol drugs
• Chemotherapy treatment
• Diabetes medication
• Blood thinners

Sources and Dosage

The food you eat will always be your best source of nutrients. If you eat plenty of leafy green vegetables, seeds, and nuts, you may be able to get plenty of ALA from your diet. ALA can be found in:

• Kale, spinach, and other leafy greens
• Nuts and seeds (such as flaxseed, chia seeds, and walnuts)
• Plant oils (such as flaxseed oil, soybean oil, and canola oil)
• Oil-based salad dressings

ALA deficiency is extremely rare. Generally, healthy people can produce all the ALA the body needs. The recommended amount of ALA daily is 1.6 grams for men and 1.1 grams for women. There is also no set upper intake limit.

If you take too much ALA, you may experience side effects that typically resolve when the supplement is stopped. There are cases of severe symptoms from taking large amounts of ALA, including seizures and organ failure.

In one case, a 22-year-old woman experienced tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), altered mental state, and metabolic acidosis.

Always speak with a healthcare provider before taking a supplement to ensure that the supplement and dosage are appropriate for your individual needs.

Like most nutritional supplements, ALA should be stored in a cool, dry place.