The frustrated Liu Changqing, who passed through the former residence of Jiayi in Changsha, could not help but sigh that “where the lonely rivers and mountains are shaken, what is the matter of pity to the king to the end of the world”, with the help of the common experience of the fallen people in the void of time and space, he placed his inner sorrow and sorrow in the depths of the text; while Zhang Shu (a politician and writer of the Tang Dynasty) visited Yuxin’s former residence, he wrote sentences such as “Lan Cheng chased Song Yu, the old house puppet word person”, which was a sentence that longed for the former sages and thought about the flow of the wind.
“Lan cheng” is not the modern writer Hu Lancheng, but the small characters of the poet Yu Xin at the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but the name Yu Xin is mentioned, or everyone is relatively unfamiliar. According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the North, Yu Xin was a native of Xinye, Nanyang (present-day Xinye, Henan), born in the prosperous Liang Dynasty under Emperor Taiping of Liangwu, and grew up in the Liang Dynasty. However, when the Hou Jing Rebellion broke out in 548, Yu Xin spent five bloody months in the besieged city with Emperor Wu of Liang, the crown prince, and numerous Liang dynasty clans and subjects, witnessing all kinds of heroic and cowardly acts, violence, famine, plague, and death. The Liang Dynasty quickly disintegrated after decades of ignorance and defenselessness, and Yu Xin personally experienced the fall of the Liang Dynasty, lost his two sons and daughters in the war, and was eventually detained in the north as an envoy of the Southern Dynasty until his death.
After being forced to stay in the north, the helpless Yu Xin became a great general of the enemy country’s humble people, kaifu Yi tongsan division, known as “Yu Kaifu”… Yu Xin not only bid farewell to Jiangnan forever, but also, qu Shi’s second surname, became a “disjointed” courtier, and his inner pain can be imagined. Sad and indignant poet, his poems are sad and desolate, fresh and timeless, “Wai Nan Fu”, “Xiaoyuan Fu”, “Dead Tree Fu”, etc. occupy an important position in the history of literature, representing the highest achievement of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and he has also become a titan in the literary circles of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Later generations commented that he “set the great achievements of the Six Dynasties and led the first river of the Early Tang Dynasty”. Wang Bo, one of the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty, recited the ancient song “Falling Xia and Lone Bird Fly Together, Autumn Water Is Long and One Color”, which is derived from Yu Xin’s “Horse Shooting Endowment” “Falling flowers fly with Zhi Gai, and Yang Liu Gong Chun Qi is one color”.
Generally speaking, Yu Xin’s literary creation, bounded by his mission to Western Wei at the age of forty-two, can be divided into two periods. In the early liang, most of the works were of a palace nature, light and flowing, full of rhetorical beauty. After being detained in the Northern Dynasty, the poems expressed a lot of their nostalgia for the homeland of their homeland, as well as their sentimentality for their lives, and their style also changed to vigor and sadness. His main achievements are concentrated in the later period when he was imprisoned in the Northern Dynasty, in addition to the characteristics of the rural guanzhi in content, it is artistically expressed as original. It is the background of the Northern Dynasty, the techniques of the Southern Dynasty (the rhetorical techniques of literature, especially the sound rhythm, the use of canons, puppets and other means), the aesthetic taste of “lingering and mourning” in the early period of self- and the new life experience in the later period, sincere and deep emotions, Yu Xin was able to create a fresher and older poetic style in addition to Yu Qiyan, and the literature of the North and the South really entered the fusion stage, and he thus became the master of the literature of the North and South Dynasties.
Yu Xin has more than 250 poems, most of which are late works, including the “Yuzishan Collection”. The twenty-seven poems of “Imitation Of Songs” are his masterpieces. The twenty-seven poems of the “Proposed Yong Huai” were composed within three to four years of Northern Zhou Baoding after Liang’s death, and Yu Xin was then serving as the sheriff of Hongnong County, and had been detained in the Northern Dynasty for more than ten years. The most prominent manifestation of the twenty-seven poems of “Imitation Yong Huai” is the “melancholy” of nostalgia for the homeland and the “melancholy” of the northern part of the detention brigade, as Mr. Zhang Xigui mentioned in the article “Traumatic Memory and the Creation of Yu Xin in the Later Period” that “Gengxin in the Northern Dynasty, for 28 years, did not stop the hope of returning to his hometown, the death of the country and the death of his own detention, and the attachment to the Liang royal family constituted the central theme of his creation.”
For example, “Xiang Yong Huai Qi Eighteen”: “Thinking of the Marquis of Ten Thousand Households, suddenly sorrow in the middle of the night.” The sound of the piano filled the room, and the books filled the bedside. Although the dream butterfly is set from non-Zhuang Zhou. The remnant moon is like the first moon, and the new autumn is like the old autumn. Under the dew and weeping, the fireflies shattered the fire. Lotte is the one who knows his destiny, when will he not be worried. ”
Gengxin said that he was already in the position of manifestation, but in the middle of the night he was suddenly full of sorrow. The sound of the piano echoed in the room, and the accumulated books covered the bedside. Although he wanted to fly away as a butterfly in his dream, he could not be as dashing and uninhibited as Zhuang Zhou. Today, the remnant moon is the same shape as the original crescent moon, and this autumn is also like the autumn in the old capital. Tears flowed down like beads, and fluttering fireflies flew like broken Sparks. Although Lotte can forget his worries when he knows his destiny, when will I be able to stop worrying?
The poem expresses the author’s irrevocable depression and homesickness after being forced to remain in the enemy country for many years.
The first and second sentences are “Thinking of ten thousand households.” Suddenly sad in the middle of the night. “Writers who are in important positions and who are well clothed often wake up in the middle of the night because of depression.
Verses three and four” “The sound of the piano is all over the house.” Books filled the bedside. “Write about the author who can’t sleep in the middle of the night, just get up and play the piano and read books to pass the long night without heart sleep.”
Verses 5 and 6 “Although the dream is a butterfly.” Set from non-Zhuang Zhou. “The writer wants to learn from Zhuangzi’s dream butterfly, floating in the world, but he can’t learn Zhuangzi’s openness and freedom, and he is still full of sorrow.”
The seventh and eighth sentences, “The broken moon is like the first moon, and the new autumn is like the old autumn”, which is the most wonderful couplet in the whole poem, writing out the boredom and despair in the poet’s heart that is powerless to change reality day after day, alluding to the plain words, and also alleges to thousands of pains in a few crosses.
Sentences 9 and 10 “Dew weeps under the beads.” Fireflies shatter the stream of fire. The author uses two metaphors to lament that his life is drifting, but he is powerless to change his fate and is sad and weeps.
The last two sentences are “Lotte is the destiny.” When can you not worry. Although the writer constantly exhorted himself to know his destiny, he still could not dispel the lonely and sad state of mind, and at this moment, the poet was full of sorrow and indignation.
This set of poems represented by “Imitation Yong Huai Qi Eighteen” truly describes the living environment after Yu Xinshibei. In that turbulent era, the extraordinary life experience made great changes in Yuxin’s psychology, thoughts, and creations, prompting Yuxin to become a peak in the literary history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Therefore, Du Fu praised him, “Yu Xin’s articles are old and more successful, and Ling Yunjian’s pen is longitudinal”; “Yu Xin’s life is the most depressed, and the poetry of the twilight years is endowed with Jiang Guan”. Yang Shen praised his poems in “Poetry of Sheng’an”: “The poetry of YuXin is the crown of Liang and the first whip of the Tang Dynasty.” Liu Xizai also praised Yu Xin in his “Outline of Art and Poetry”: “Yu Zishan’s “Yan Ge Xing” opened the seven ancient tang dynasties in the early tang dynasty, and “Wu Ye Cry” opened the seven laws of the Tang Dynasty, and the other bodies are the five absolute and five rows of the Tang Dynasty, which are particularly invincible.” It can be seen that Yu xin’s status in the history of literature is high, and it is admired by future generations.
Igor's Blog 